That universal AUTOMATIC Calculator or ''' UNIVAC ''' (after other sources universal AUTOMATIC computer) is a computer from the year 1951, which was designed by J. Presper Eckert and John W. Mauchly (both from the ENIAC group). The UNIVAC used for the first time as external memory a magnetic tape.

General information

The UNIVAC became famous after the presidency election night 1952. With it a computer forecast was provided, based on 7% of the counted out voices. As result it forecast a landslide victory for Eisenhower, in the contradiction too conventionally determined prognoses of a head on head running at 9 o'clock in the evening. The clients trusted the UNIVAC prognosis not and decided not to publish it. Later it turned out that she was quite exact: The forecast elector distribution of 438 for Eisenhower and 93 for Adlai Ewing Stevenson II. approached near to the actual distribution of 442:89. This result announced the UNIVAC world-wide.

Under the designation UNIVAC the Remington edge division of the SPERRY edge corporation built altogether 46 calculating machines of the type UNIVAC I.

Further calculating machines of Remington edge came 1952 and 1953 into enterprise. They were characterised particularly by larger memory, as they were necessary straight for statistic work with many data.

Models

• The UNIVAC I (universal AUTOMATIC computer I) was the first commercially manufactured computer in the USA

• The UNIVAC II was an advancement of the UNIVAC I which 1958 was for the first time delivered. Above all main storage was developed on 2000 to 10000 machine word, UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF II magnetic tapes, which could use either the old UNIVAC I of magnetic tapes or the new volumes insisting on Mylar. Some integrated circuits were implemented on the basis of transistors (the UNIVAC II was still roar-being based). The UNIVAC II was completely compatible to the UNIVAC I, this both regarding the program instructions and the data structures.

• UNIVAC III was delivered in the year 1962. Were produced 96 pieces of the UNIVAC III of system.

• DieUNIVAC 418 was a first attempt, a "“Desktop"” - computers to develop. The computer was straight small enough that it fit on an office table. The only machine, which was used, was to be seen to 1964 in the Univac Headquarters in London in order. This machine became a predecessor personnel of the computer.

• The UNIVAC 490 was a 30-bit-Computer with machine words of 16K or 32K. The machine clock amounted to 4.8 microseconds.

• The UNIVAC 492 is similarly as the UNIVAC 490, in the difference too this possessed it extended MEMORY up to 64K 30-Bit of machine words.

• The UNIVAC 494 was also a 30-Bit machine word system, which was brought as a successor of the UNIVAC 490/492 on the market. The UNIVAC 494 possessed a faster processor and 131K main storage. Up to 24 in and output channels and the system with UNIVAC FH880 or UNIVAC FH432 magnetic drum was available was mostly delivered. The operating system was called OMEGA, a successor to the REX operating system of the UNIVAC 490.

• The UNIVAC 1101, also ERA 1101 mentioned, was sketched by engineering Research Associates (ERA) and built by the Remington edge corporation 1950.

• The UNIVAC 1102, also ERA 1102 called was sketched by engineering Research Associates (ERA) and built for the Air Force of the United States.

• The UNIVAC 1103 was imported a successor of the UNIVAC 1101 and 1953. An improved version the UNIVAC 1103A was built for 1956 and was the direct competition to IBM 704.

• The UNIVAC 1004 was a system which is based on punch cards, and in the year 1962 was driven out. The memory amounted to 961 of "“character"”, respectively 6 bits. In addition a punch card reader, which could read 400 maps per minute, became a card puncher (200/Minute) as well as a drum printer (400 lines/minute) provided.

• At the UNIVAC 1005 it acts around an extension of the UNIVAC 1004 and it in February 1966 introduced itself. The UNIVAC 1005 was used particularly in the military range and led to the first use of computers on the battleground.

The enterprise

UNIVAC as enterprises resulted to the range tabulating machines, the range for scientifically used computers and the range that from the pool of different ranges from Remington edge, i.e. commercially genutzen computer (it manufactured the UNIVAC). Remington edge was united 1955 with the SPERRY and became SPERRY edge. The division computer was renamed in SPERRY UNIVAC. 1978 disappeared the term UNIVAC from the company name, the enterprise were called only SPERRY.

SPERRY was merged 1986 with Burroughs and received after an internal competition to the name search the name Unisys.

UNIVAC belonged in the 60's beside IBM, Burroughs, Scientific DATA, control DATA corporation, General Electric, RCA and Honeywell to the eight large computer companies.

Related links

German

• Fully functional UNIVAC 9400 in the museum

English

• UNIVAC MEMORies
• Unisys History new type character
• Universal AUTOMATIC computer Model II
• UNIVAC 1004 80/90 Card Processor
• The Case 1107
• Unisys History new type character. Volume 1, NUMBER 3
• UNIVAC time LINE

'' a registered trade mark is that

• Eckert Mauchly computer corporation
• Remington edge corporation
• SPERRY edge corporation
• SPERRY corporation
• Unisys corporation ''

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